This study examined the effect of adding selected plant species on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Janj cheese. Twelve cheese samples were prepared in two batches, each including one control sample and five samples enriched with oregano (Origanum vulgare), basil (Ocimum basilicum), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), and chives (Allium schoenoprasum). The first batch contained 0.50%, while the second batch had 1.00% concentrations of the plants. Total phenols, flavonoids, and non-flavonoid compounds were measured. Antioxidant activity was assessed through FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the agar dilution method against four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and two Candida albicans strains. The results revealed a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in antioxidant activity in the plant-enriched cheese samples, emphasizing their potential as natural sources of antioxidants. However, none of the cheeses showed antimicrobial activity under the tested conditions. In conclusion, the incorporation of these selected plant species improves the biological and functional properties of Janj cheese, supporting its potential as a nutritionally enhanced product.

Learning is a value for every student, for every school, for parents, teachers and for society as a whole. Numerous studies show that educational effects can be achieved in traditional (frontal) teaching, but the results of experimental research in most cases show that under the influence of innovations and modern strategies, methods and procedures, educational achievements are more easily achieved, which can be viewed comprehensively in the context of research outcomes related to both education and upbringing. The application of new approaches in learning leads to the development of students' creative thinking, the teaching process becomes more creative. The aim of this paper is to determine the level of achievement of students solving mathematical problems from Numerical Expressions by applying problems by levels of complexity, problem solving of problems and the traditional way of solving problems.

Uvođenje generativnih jezičnih modela poput ChatGPT-a u obrazovni sistem donosi brojne benefite, ali i značajne izazove koji mogu negativno uticati na kvalitet obrazovanja. Analiza relevantne naučne literature na primjeru korištenja vještačke inteligencije u obrazovanju pokazuje da prekomjerna upotreba može dovesti do pasivnog pristupa učenju, smanjenja motivacije za samostalno razmišljanje i razvoja kognitivnih sposobnosti, te povećanja rizika od akademskog nepoštenja. Poseban izazov predstavlja i uticaj na kompetencije pa se kod studenata bilježi površno razumijevanje programiranja i algoritamskog razmišljanja usled oslanjanja na gotova rješenja. Rad ističe potrebu za razvijanjem jasnih pedagoških i etičkih okvira koji bi usmjeravali odgovornu i kritičku upotrebu alata vještačke inteligencije u obrazovanju. U tom smislu, preporučuje se integracija AI pismenosti u kurikulume, redizajn evaluacija na višim nivoima Blumove taksonomije, te osnaživanje nastavnika za vođenje učenika kroz aktivne misaone procese. Balansiran i promišljen pristup može omogućiti optimalno korištenje prednosti ChatGPT-a, uz očuvanje kvaliteta i integriteta obrazovnog procesa, posebno u oblasti informacionih tehnologija.

This paper aims to explore the structure and objectives of the Western Balkans Growth Plan as an incentive for the integration of the Western Balkans region into the EU single market. In november 2023, the European Commission prepared the Western Balkans Growth Plan, which should accelerate the implementation of reforms in the countries of the region and their integration into the European Union single market. The Growth Plan represents an effort by the European Union to influence the region towards deepening economic integration with the Union and accelerating economic growth, which are necessary prerequisites for the desired transformation of the countries of the region. The Western Balkans Growth Plan aims to: integrate partners from the Western Balkans into the EU single market, improve regional economic cooperation, deepen EU-related reforms, and increase pre-accession financing to accelerate the socio-economic convergence of the Western Balkans towards the EU. The research results of this paper have shown that the European Union in the Western Balkans region, from the first regional approach in 1997 to the proposed growth plan in 2023, has contributed to the development of the regional cooperation process and the economic development of the region itself.

             It is not just about increasing the wealth of the countries of the region and their citizens, but the point and ultimate goal is that these countries and these citizens should live together, create, cooperate and spend together in conditions of international competition.

The expected economic effects of the Western Balkans Growth Plan will also ensure a positive perception of the European Union and the benefits of membership in this regional organization among the citizens of the region.

The aim of this research is to examine the impact of consumers economic and educational status on the frequency of organic food purchases through all available distribution channels, with focus on online channels. The research was conducted via online questionnaire and based on sample of 358 respondents from the territory of Republic of Srpska. The results showed that 86% of respondents buy or occasionally buy organic food, while 14% respond they never purchase organic food. Using Kruskal-Wallis test, a positive and statistically significant relation was identified between the level of education and the frequency of organic food purchases, regardless of the distribution channel, while household income did not show a significant relation. When online organic food purchases were analyzed specifically, neither the level of education or household income had a statistically significant impact, although a slight trend was observed for education level, which may be relevant for future research.

U ovom radu se metodima pravne dogmatike i korišćenjem teorijskih saznanja procesnog i antidiskriminacionog prava objašnjava postupak i ocjenjuje argumentacija Evropskog suda za ljudska prava (ESLJP) u predmetu broj 43651/22, Slaven Kovačević (aplikant) protiv Bosne i Hercegovine (BiH). U ovom predmetu, aplikant je prvo ostvario još jednu ekspresnu pobjedu u isticanju povrede opšte zabrane diskriminacije iz člana 1. Protokola 12 (P12) uz Evropsku konvenciju o ljudskim pravima i osnovnim slobodama (EK) u uživanju prava da glasa na izborima za kandidate po svom političkom uvjerenju na osnovu člana 3. P1. Međutim, poslije osporavanja ove pobjede doživio je neočekivan procesni poraz u postupku pred Velikim vijećem ESLJP, u kome je ocijenjeno da aplikant nije žrtva diskriminacije i da je čak zloupotrijebio pravo na aplikaciju. U radu se takođe ukazuje na eventualne implikacije konkretne presude na dalji razvoj P12 i antidiskriminacionog prava. Detaljan uvid u radnje i rezonovanje svih procesnih subjekata otkriva indicije o nesavjesnom korišćenju procesnih ovlašćenja strana u postupku i pristrasnosti procesnih subjekata, te o neuređenosti i nepoštovanju pravnog okvira zastupanja BiH pred ESLJP. Procesni poraz aplikanta pred Velikim vijećem ukazuje na odustajanje ESLJP od dosadašnjeg proaktivnog pristupa u primjeni P 12 i na suzdržanost od daljeg miješanja u probleme konsocijativnog uređenja BiH. Međutim, taj novi pristup ne priliči instituciji Savjeta Evrope, čija je misija, između ostalog, suzbijanje diskriminacije, a nedosljedna argumentacija izvjesno ne doprinosi konceptualnom razvoju antidiskriminacionog prava i obeshrabruje države da ratifikuju inače nedovoljno prihvaćeni  P 12.   

Bearing in mind that some palladium complexes showed good antitumor potential while exhibiting less kidney toxicity comparing to cisplatin, to discover a new agents for chemotherapy with improved properties two novel palladium(II) complexes [Pd (L)₂] (3A and 3B) with acyl pyruvates (O,O bidentate ligands) were synthesized and characterized by spectral (UV-Vis, IR, NMR, ESI-MS) and elemental analysis. The novel palladium(II) complexes were analyzed for their cytotoxic potential on human cancer cell lines (HeLa and MDA-MB 231) and normal fibroblasts (MRC-5). Results showed that complex 3A displayed very good cytotoxic activity, while complex 3B had moderate activity on the tested tumor cell lines. After 48h incubation with complex 3A, his IC₅₀ values were similar to the IC₅₀ values of cisPt. Notably, all IC₅₀ of complex 3A on human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) were higher than 100 μM, indicating good selectivity. In addition, complex 3A induced apoptotic type of cell death, cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase in both HeLa and MDA-MB 231 cell lines. In addition, we revealed that 3A can be useful as adjuvants in cancer therapy by reducing the dose of cisplatin and in this manner its’ side effects. For the investigations of interactions between novel palladium(II) complex 3A and CT-DNA or bovine serum albumin (BSA) fluorometric titrations method was used. The obtained results implied that 3A has great affinity to displace ethidium bromide (EB) from the EB-DNA complex through intercalation, suggesting strong competition with EB. Results in fluorescence titration of BSA with complex 3A showed that the fluorescence quenching of BSA happens because of the formation of the 3A-BSA complex. Obtained K_a value is in the optimal range signifying that appropriate amount of 3A can be transported and distributed through the cells. In order to better understand the binding of newly synthesized complex 3A to BSA or DNA, molecular docking study was further performed.

The article examines the role of small, medium and large enterprises in the economy of Republic of Srpska for the period from 2014 to 2022 year. The authors analyzed the economic indicators, according to company size (profitability rate, labor costs per employee,  added value per employed person – productivity, employees – annual average and average wages paid per employed person), and also annual business indicators by company size (number of entrepreneurs, number of employees, number of companies and turnover). The aim of the paper is to analyze the operations of SMEs in order to give recommendations for future business improvement and to indicate the main obstacles and weaknesses as well as recommendations. The method of description and classification of data and the method of analysis and synthesis were used in order to achieve the objectives of the research.

In today's world, alongside increased market globalization and economic regionalization, business success relies on the utilization of modern information technology. The emergence and development of the Internet and the networking of businesses and public administrations, driven by digital marketing strategies, have led to significant changes in how business systems operate and their efficiency. It has facilitated easy and fast communication, almost instant transmission of large amounts of data over long distances, simple publishing and updating of multimedia documents and their continuous global availability, digital delivery of goods and services, direct online payments, creation of virtual organizations, etc. All of these represent elements of a new form of business. Electronic commerce is a broad concept encompassing all business transactions or information exchanges conducted using information and communication technology between: businesses, businesses and their customers, or businesses and public administrations.

Back in 2018, the European Union adopted the Strategy of enlargement to the countries of the Western Balkans, which provided a potential time and reform framework for accession negotiations on the accession of these countries to the European Union. Strengthening the rule of law, the fight against corruption and organized crime are the cornerstones of accession negotiations and European integration processes for the countries of the Western Balkans. This paper provides an overview of the EU Strategy - Western Balkans from 2018, where the focus is on the initiative to strengthen the rule of law and the analysis of the situation in these countries from the point of view of the rule of law.