The beginnings of artificial intelligence are linked to 1956 and the Dartmouth conference organized by Stanford University. From those beginnings until the end of the 20th century, its development was relatively slow due to hardware and software limitations. However, the 21st century brings a turning point in every sense. ln the 21st century, there was also a division into specialized artificial intelligence, which was primarily developed in the 20th century, and general artificial intelligence, on which the focus of development has been placed in recent decades. The positive economic effects of the adoption of artificial intelligence, according to the conducted research, are unequivocal. The effects on individuals and humanity are significantly more open to discussion. Almost half of the respondents in the conducted research are not in favor of accepting artificial intelligence for private purposes, and the other half is almost equally divided between those who do not have an opinion on this issue and those who are not against its acceptance. About 70% of respondents believe that artificial intelligence can become a threat to humanity and the mental health of individuals. At the same time, the majority of respondents do not see challenges in their employment. As a solution, the respondents see a clear and strict regulation of the development and possibilities of artificial intelligence itself. Institutions of the society we live in and companies that develop artificial intelligence are seen as responsible for this regulation. A real step in this direction was taken by the European Union with the adoption of the Act on Artificial Intelligence in March 2024. What is expected is that this example of the EU will be followed by other countries, which would ensure the correct development and use of artificial intelligence for the general benefit of humanity, which it should serve. 

Mobbing is a behaviour whose aim is to underestimate and degrade other human beings by means of malevolent language and obscure cruel acts, which gradually undermine one’s proper functioning and affect both one’s mental and physical health (Kostelić-Martić, 2005). Well-being at work refers to all aspects of employees’ workplace life, from how they feel, what their working environment is like, safety at work including physical and psychological safety, job satisfaction, involvement in work and the position they have in the organization. The research problem refers to the examination of the connection between the perception of mobbing and the well-being at work of employees. Individuals who perceive mobbing as present in the organization and who are exposed to this type of stress, have impaired well-being. According to earlier findings, mobbing significantly affects the well-being of individuals at work in a way that impairs it, whereby they experience various psychological disturbances and are thrown out of work activities, because they stop adequately performing work tasks. Also, people who experience mobbing have a decline on motivation, work efficiency, a drop in the feeling of fulfillment, loss of trust, they complain of fatigue and feelings of anger and frustration. Two measurement instruments were used in the research: the mobbing perception scale and the Work Well-being Scale – WBWS, which have satisfactory measurement characteristics. The survey was conducted via an anonymous internet questionnaire, and a representative sample of employees in Bosnia and Herzegovina was used (n=273). The data thus obtained indicates that, statistically, the perception of mobbing is significantly negatively related to well-being (rho=-.382, p<.01), and its two aspects: positive affects (rho=-.531, p<.01), a feeling of fulfillment (rho=-.337, p<.01), and positively related to the negative effects aspect (rho=.592, p<.01), which confirms both the starting hypothesis and its sub-hypotheses. The perception of mobbing in the workplace negatively affects the well-being at work, i.e. higher levels of subjective perception of mobbing go hand in hand with lower levels of well-being at work. Furthermore, higher levels of the perception of mobbing are accompanied with lower levels of positive affects and feeling of fulfillment, and higher levels of negative affects.

Although the consequences of mobbing are felt, to the greatest extent, on an individual level, there are inevitable negative consequences on the organizational level as well. As mobbing has a negative effect on the well-being at work of an individual, it also adversely affects the work and results of the entire organization.

Digitization of public administration is a choice that has no alternative. The analysis of public administration in Bosnia and Herzegovina was research through the trends of changes in public administration and refers to: working conditions, access to work execution, developments with IT personnel, business conditions, investments, needs for new technologies, equipment and security. The key factor in every public administration is personnel. In the paper, we have presented an analysis of the employment of IT personnel at the level of B&H and the facts that emerged from the conducted analyses. Management of IT personnel, their need, recruitment and stimulation in public administration is a big challenge. An analysis of the current situation, trends and solutions is given through the available data. In order to digitize public administration, investments are also needed, of course these investments should be well thought out and guided by examples of good practice. Based on available data, analyses of investments in ICT in public administration at the level of institutions of B&H and Brčko District were carried out. An example of good practice was presented and solutions were given.

Precision agriculture is becoming increasingly important in modern agriculture as it allows farmers to optimize production and increase yields. This includes the use of sensors and technologies to collect and analyze data on soil, crops, weather, and other relevant factors. However, existing technology still has limitations such as accuracy and coverage over large areas. In order to solve this, new sensors and technologies are being developed, especially those based on artificial intelligence and machine learning, which allow for greater accuracy in data collection. In addition, new technologies such as drones and satellite imagery are being used to map crops and optimize agricultural production. This paper analyzes some of the latest developments in precision agriculture, providing insight into the future development and application of this technology. This work is particularly relevant to farmers, researchers, and companies involved in the development of sensors and technologies for precision agriculture.

Increasing energy demand has become a major issue of concern globally. Addressing the issue requires the sustainable development of the transportation sector of every nation. Sustainable transport system will meet basic and developmental needs while ensuring equity within and between generations. Fuel consumption and emissions are key issues of importance when considering the sustainability of road transportation. In order to actualize the SDGs, overarching factors impacting on transport vehicle fuel consumption and emissions should not be compromised. Weather being one of such factors is understudied especially in Africa based on the authors knowledge from literature. Consequently, the review accentuates on how weather parameters affect fuel consumption and emissions throwing more light on similar studies that have already been conducted to facilitate replicability in Africa. ‘Google scholar and Scopus’ were used to obtain relevant literature database from 2000-2022. In total, 111 articles were systematically reviewed, out of which 41 were from Europe, 38 from America, 23 from Asia and 7 from Africa. Among the weather parameters reviewed, temperature was the most pronounced with percentage share of 46 % followed by air pressure 16%, precipitation 15%, humidity 12%, wind 11%. All the weather factors strongly impacted on vehicular fuel consumption and its concomitant greenhouse gases emissions based on the results depicted by the review. Climate variability and change is detrimental to fuel consumption and emissions and should not be overemphasized when making road transport policies and decisions.

Tourism began to grow relatively slowly throughout history, starting in the middle of the 20th century. Today, tourism as a whole has imposed itself as one of the most propulsive economic activities. For the Republic of Croatia, where tourism accounts for more than a fifth of the GDP of the national economy. The aim of this work is focused on the presentation of the potential and concept of tourism development of island tourism with an emphasis on the island of Krk, i.e., its most developed municipality of Malinska. The paper conducted an empirical investigation of local residents’ attitudes about the elements of the tourism offer in the municipality of Malinska and the impact of tourism on its development. The purpose of this research, in the interpretation of the obtained results, is to find relevant answers at the level of the tourist destination of Malinska about the attitude of the local population towards tourism, towards phenomena in the environment of importance for tourism, towards the development of the tourist destination and the assessment of the offer and quality of the tourist offer. The general results of the research led to the conclusion that the tourism of the mentioned destination has progressed, but that there is still room for progress and development of the offer in order to build a more competitive and market-recognizable tourist product.

In today’s modern shipping business environment, there is a shift from traditional to digital marketing. Social media has the most significant potential for companies to reach consumers; thus, this paper aims to discover the intensity and content of the marketing activities of shipping companies through social media. Two different types of companies, the container and multi-purpose ones, are the objects of research, primarily analyzed based on the number of followers, posts, likes, comments, and shares on social media.
The results show the highest intensity of Facebook usage for shipping companies. It was also discovered that shipping companies actively use Facebook, and this form of online representation is considered more precise regarding brand awareness and public engagement. The content analysis revealed that shipping companies have no intention of selling services using social media. Namely, there are limited network-building or customer relationship efforts, but activities in Corporate Social Responsibility activities, Employee Brand Management, and Sustainability increase.
The paper revealed that shipping companies use digital marketing toward the internal public and employees, increasing marketing and human resource management activities.
This paper opens up the possibilities of a more significant application of marketing in the shipping industry, bearing in mind the trends of digitization of maritime operational processes and supply chains.

The extent to which changes in the education system are driven by external economic and social systems and internal
factors of the education system is an open question that has yet to be answered after detailed analysis and research. Job satisfaction at school can influence the formation of positive attitudes, and cannot be excluded from the examination of individual attitudes about changes in the organization. Identification with the school represents a particularly significant form of positive attitudes of employees at the school, it has positive personal consequences in terms of better professional advancement, and therefore better performance of work. The research sample has elements of a multi-stage opportunity with elements of random selection, because a survey was conducted of teachers in the schools on Republika of Srpska, who were present at the sessions of the teaching-departmental council (n=400) at the time of the survey. The obtained data (analysis of responses on the scale of general and specific attitudes about changes and factor analysis) show that although teachers manifest a positive general attitude about changes in education, it should be noted that certain aspects of changes are latently perceived as negative. The general attitude about changes in education is statistically significantly positively related to identification with the school (r=.477, p<.001) and with job satisfaction at the school (r=.225, p<.001). Also, the results showed statistically significant differences in some special attitudes about changes in education with regard to the degree of identification with the school (perception of the outcome of changes in education χ²=16.869, df=2, p=.000 and readiness for additional education, χ²= 6.146, df=2, p=.046), while there are no such differences when it comes to being informed about changes and willingness to engage in changes. Furthermore, the results showed statistically significant differences in some special attitudes about changes in education with regard to job satisfaction at school (perception of the outcome of changes, χ²=32.081, df = 2, r=.000, awareness of changes χ²=14.259, df =2, r=.001 and readiness for additional education in order to improve one's own competencies χ²=8.621, df=2, p=.013). Desirable changes in this area Stanar, S. (2023). Analiza relacija između stavova nastavnika o promjenama u obrazovanju,
identifikacije sa školom i zadovoljstva poslom u školi. STED Journal, 5(2), 1-19. STED Journal 5(2). November 2023. Journal homepage: https://stedj-univerzitetpim.com/en/homepage/ 19 need to be focused both on changes in the
individual and on changes in society as a whole. From the aspect of changes in the individual itself, it is not so much a problem to establish what it is that moves some individuals and hinders others in the process of change, as much as it is a problem find a way to use the obtained data in a practical sense: what, how and why to change.

This paper aims to highlight the importance of defining the dimensions of service quality and their impact on the satisfaction and loyalty of users of banking services in the banking sector of the Republic of Croatia. The study focuses on service quality parameters and customer satisfaction. The paper aims to examine discrepancies between expected and perceived attributes of banking services (Servqual model) on a sample of 130 respondents from the Republic of Croatia. Special objectives include examining the differences in the expression of scores on the dimensions of the expected and observed ABS scales in relation to the socio-demographic variables in the research (gender, age, professional education…etc). Based on the empirical study, it can be concluded that all service quality parameters play a vital role in customer satisfaction. The research results indicate that all five key dimensions of Servqual – tangibility, reliability, accountability, security, and empathy, are significantly and positively related to the overall Servqual perceived by users.

The word rehabilitation is of Latin origin (sanacio) and means treatment, from the point of view of the economy of the company, rehabilitation means economic and technical-organizational measures that should contribute to the recovery of the company, in the sense of making it liquid and profitable again. A company is considered sick if, in the long run, it is unable to meet its obligations and operates at a loss. The causes of the disease can be external and internal. Financial difficulties, manifested in illiquidity and unprofitability, cause the need for rehabilitation. Initiation of remediation presupposes remediation eligibility, which exists if permanent recovery of the company is possible. Determining the suitability of rehabilitation involves examination and selection of measures, the implementation of which ensures the permanent recovery of the company, in the sense of re-establishing the financial balance and returning to the profit zone.

This paper explores the food industry business market as an example, highlighting the key role of market research in successful economic recovery. Through this example, market research becomes a fundamental framework for identifying the changes that a company needs to implement in its operations in order to become more competitive. The example will show the market research of companies from the food industry. There is no successful economic rehabilitation without market research. This example can serve as a framework for market research, which provides answers to the question of what the company needs to change in its business in order to be more successful than the competition. The research results have significant implications for managers, experts and political decision-makers, providing them with information necessary for effective management of financial crises and ensuring the stability of companies, as well as a faster understanding of the competitive business environment.