The subject of this paper is models of consociational democracy in Austria and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim is to define in a comparative analysis the similarities and differences between consociational systems of government in these two countries, their practice and scope. Based on these conclusions, we draw new knowledge in the field of activities and possibilities of consociational arrangements in the divided societies of modern Europe. The scientific justification of this paper is that through the analysis of different consociational democracies and their practical experiences, the scope of this form of democratic rule is assessed, and the conclusions are theoretically added to the existing fund of scientific knowledge about this phenomenon. The social contribution of the paper is in the fact that consociational democracy is an increasingly common solution for many divided societies and therefore the analysis of existing consociational democracies is a socially justified topic.

The main focus of disaster management is currently on disaster risk reduction activities. Mount Merapi in Indonesia is one of the most active volcanoes in the world with a four-year eruption cycle. The local government of the Sleman Regency has made several efforts to reduce the risk of impacts from the eruption of Mount Merapi. These efforts involve various elements in society. The purpose of this research is to identify the efforts made by the Sleman Regency Government in reducing the risk of the eruption of Mount Merapi and the factors that influence it. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods with informants coming from the government, volunteers and the community. The findings of this study are the activity of risk reduction of eruption Merapi Mount in Sleman consists of physical and non-physical mitigation. Physical mitigation includes the construction of the Merapi Sabodam, construction of the Early Warning System, determination of evacuation routes and construction of refugee shelters. Non-physical mitigation includes the preparation of a contingency plan for the eruption of Mount Merapi, the formation of Destana (Disaster Resilient Village), the sister village and sister school program, the establishment of a disaster safe education unit, the establishment of the Operational Unit and the Implementing Unit for disaster management. The program is run by the government along with non-state actors to be affected by the starting conditions of each party, ability to combine the resources owned by each party, to shared information and commitment to a common purpose.

The way to clarify the concept of society role in local government affairs by implementing collaborative governance. Hartley, et al., had created the term ‘collaborative governance’ to highlight multi-stakeholder engagement across organizations as viable alternatives or additions to coordination with market competition and hierarchical solutions (Hartley, Sørensen, & Torfing, 2013). This research aims to analyze and describe Collaborative Governance in Increasing Tourism in the New Normal Era during Covid 19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The results show that in response to the Covid-19 Pandemic, the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) in 2020 has revised the growth prospects of international tourists negative from 1% to 3%, while in Asia and Pacific will be the worst affected regions, with an expected drop in arrivals of between 9% and 12%. The tourist visits to Indonesia are slowly decreasing. Cumulatively from January to March in 2020, the number of tourists who came only reached 2.61 million people or dropped drastically by 30.62 percent; compared to the same period in the last year, 3.76 million people. When compared to February, the number of tourist arrivals decreased by 45.50 percent; While when compared to the same period last year the decline was recorded even more drastically, which is 64.11 percent. The decrease from the tourism sector is predicted to reach IDR. 60 trillion Rupiah. The Central Government through the Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy, and supported by the Government at the Provincial/Regency/City level through the Tourism Office and tourism business entrepreneurs in the region is trying to prepare destinations in accordance with the “new normal” conditions post-Covid-19 in accordance with the principles of hygiene and excellent sanitization, as well as creating tourism destinations that are encouraged to continue in improving and increasingly aggressive in applying the principles of sustainable tourism development (resilience, sustainable, and responsible).

One of the indicators or characteristics of the regional autonomy successful is the creation of regional independence. Those efforts can be executed through the Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes). The purpose of this study is to describe alternative strategies for local economic development in Payakabung Village, North Indralaya Sub-District, Ogan Ilir District by applying SWOT analysis. This study is a descriptive quality research. The research site was conducted in Payakabung Village, North Indralaya Sub-District, Ogan Ilir District of South Sumatra. The focus of this research is based on the strategy management process, with SWOT analysis. The results of SWOT analysis that have been carried out as the basis for the formulation of alternative strategies include as follows; Capital optimization to increase activities operationalization, partnership necessity together with private company in the processing of agricultural land, the existence of training and incentives by using CSR funds, Marketing products by involving the private sector as one of the promotional agents, the Village Fund which becomes the capital activities can be used for research on improving the quality of BUMDes products, Product marketing using online-based media to expand the target market.

The way to clarify the concept of the human resources competence of The Indonesian National Police (POLRI) is believed to be a key factor in determining the success of the police organization. Currently, POLRI has implemented an open position promotion program which one of the stages uses the Assessment Center to exam managerial competence. This research aims to analyze the policies and impact of assessment center implementation in supporting of the open positions promotion. The Researchers apply qualitative approaches with data collection techniques in the form of observations, interviews and document studies. The results of the study findings concluded that the Assessment Center implementation policy in support of open promotion in the narrow sense has been implemented although incomplete. In a broad sense, the implementation of assessment center policies in supporting of open promotion has not been successful and has not given a positive impact. This is because The Indonesian National Police as a bureaucratic organization, does not fully have the organizational capacity that is the backbone of bureaucracy, which involves: organizational structure; mechanism of work; human resources; financial support as well as resources needed to work. These four elements have not been able to realize optimal conditions and support each other.

Semarang, as the capital city of Central Java province, Indonesia, has been exercising its own diplomacy in pursuit of its interests related to economy and disaster. Under the leadership of mayor named Mr. Hendrar “Hendi” Prihadi, the city administration has been practicing city diplomacy as a means to attract both domestic and foreign investors by convening a business forum, called Semarang Business Forum (Sembiz), and to explore partnership in building the city’s disaster resilience by joining a city network, called 100 Resilient Cities (100RC). According to the argument by Keating (1999) in explaining Para diplomacy, this paper argues that Hendi administration’s strategies in exercising city diplomacy were shaped by its motives, as reflected in Regional Long Term Development Plan (RPJMD), and the opportunity structure in terms of existing regimes where the city could observe suitable cooperation. This paper finds that Hendi administration benefited from city diplomacy in solving local urban issues, such as the tidal and flash flooding problem in the coastal area of Semarang.

Job satisfaction is positive emotional state, which is result of evaluation of some work experience. It is a multidisciplinary phenomenon, which is influenced by multiple internal and external factors. In this paper, employee satisfaction or job satisfaction was observed as a dependent variable, while interpersonal relationships are defined as influencing factor, i.e. independent variable. Interpersonal relationships imply establishment of social relations and connections between individuals at work. Interpersonal relationships can be defined as the subjective experience of employee in interaction or connection with another person (colleagues or superiors). Factors such as gender, age, education, work experience and job position are included in the analysis as control variables. Main hypothesis in this paper states that positive interpersonal relationships have impact on employee satisfaction. The independent variable is divided into three segments, namely: communication and work climate, relationship with superiors and relationship with colleagues. Each segment of interpersonal relationships was separately tested in relation to the dependent variable. The base of this paper is an empirical research conducted in 2019. Based on the survey questionnaire, data from 143 employees in the surveyed company were collected. Data processing was performed on the basis of statistical software for social sciences-SPSS. Descriptive and correlation analysis were applied in the data analysis. All hypotheses tested were confirmed. Testing the hypotheses confirm that there is a statistically significant relationship between observed variables and that there is a moderate positive correlation, which implies that interpersonal relationship is a factor of job satisfaction. Main limitation of this research relates to the observation of relationship between variables in a single business entity. However, the coverage of all employees in the conducted research and the high response rate of employees (82%) provide a good basis for data analysis and giving some general conclusions. Detailed description of research methodology enables its repetition in other organizations.

Decentralization in the field of local government is very necessary for regional development, it is highly recommended by local governments to improve the economy or form new regional planning. Different conditions between neighboring regions make cooperation as an alternative in the development process. This paper is a literature review of an inter-regional cooperation between local governments that can lead to development progress. In this paper an example is given of cases in the East Java Province in which the province has done a lot of cooperation between regions, but even so there are still many weaknesses that exist in the implementation of such cooperation so that development cannot be carried out properly.

The paper aims to review the digital evolution process in the Georgian economy and to evaluate potential gaps relative to other countries. Digital evolution is a multidimensional concept, therefore to underline the key sectors where the digital divide is substantial between the developed world and Georgia is essential for further, more specific research. The research’s major expected outcome serves to fill the local academic literature gap related to digital development’s role in the digital economy, therefore it can be a basis for upcoming research in this field in Georgia. This approach can be also used for other developing countries which are transforming to digital economies. It is answering the specific questions: Is there a digital gap between Georgia and other economies? And, which digital sectors are the most or least developed? Digital development is influenced by several factors. The research uses digital evolution indices to measure digital evolution in different sectors from demand conditions to institutional ecosystems.

A modern marketing system is based on supply, market conditions and regulated institutions. Defined as a pillar of the rule of law, the authority and strength of institutions depends on political stability, legal solutions and the rule of law, efficiency of the public administration system, corruption, civil liberties, but also commitment to philosophy and marketing concepts. Unfortunately, Bosnia and Herzegovina has not yet established an appropriate system in any of these areas and it is obvious that there is a significant gap between the situation in this area in our country and in the developed world. The rules according to which the socioeconomic structure is regulated, as well as the institutions and related institutions, do not form a system that, in accordance with modern principles of developed economies, provides efficiency and support for economic activities, and contributes more strongly to the goals of modern and democratic socio-political system. Marketing, with the philosophy of its approach, strongly determines economic and social trends, so that the developed marketing concept in the institutions of the system is one of the conditions for stability and progress of the country. The aim of this research is to point out that marketing in the security structures of Bosnia and Herzegovina is small and insufficient, that it is not at the level that provides the best in the society and shows us the outcome of such a situation for security and development processes in the community.