The existence of an efficient system of public health care in the social community is a characteristic for a quality social entity and a measuring element of the life quality in a population. Like any other sub-system in the state, it is necessary to finance the sustainable development of the public health system. The paper contains an analysis of several payments models from the funds of the obligatory health insurance to the health system and health service providers, with a presentation of the existing systems and models of covering costs. For this purpose, research was conducted by comparing historical data on health care costs and analyzing their trends. The aim of the paper is to research and select adequate financing models for provided health services, which is the job of managers in health care, in order to choose between several models developed for this purpose. The manner in which health care costs are settled in the Republic of Srpska, as well as the amounts in the observed period, is also shown. Conclusions on trends confirmed, that the costs of medical treatments, for which the state allocates money for the health care system, are increasing. At the same time, it was observed that the number of insured persons is decreasing, and that despite the relatively high average allocation for treatment per capita, considerable amounts of direct personal payment for services and medicines are still high, which are either not available from obligatory health insurance, or are difficult to access through regular procedures. Keywords: health care, health insurance, medical costs, financing models.

The study investigated, amongst other variables, the relationship between renewable energy, its role in expanding access to electricity, and economic growth in Nigeria over the period 1960–2023. The ordinary least squares (OLS) and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) models were used to estimate the short- and long run dynamics of the relationship. The study shows that the overall model is statistically significant, meaning that the independent variables, taken together, significantly predict the dependent variable (GDP growth rates). The findings underline the intricate dynamics between renewable energy, electricity access, and economic growth in Nigeria. While the positive coefficient for renewable energy suggests that increasing renewable electricity generation could theoretically enhance GDP growth, the lack of statistical significance implies that this impact is not immediate. Finally, based on these findings, the study recommends that policymakers should continue to prioritize investments in renewable energy infrastructure. Efforts should be made to enhance the reliability and quality of the electricity supply. A more robust and cohesive policy framework is needed to support renewable energy and electricity development and integration.

Predmet rada je razmatranje evolucije teorijskih pristupa ekonomskoj racionalnosti, kao ključnog principa ekonomskog izbora u ekonomskoj nauci. Cilj rada je da istakne značaj i dominaciju institucionalnog (postracionalnog) ponašanja u savremenoj ekonomskoj nauci i objasni osnovne razloge za prednje. Korišćenjem metoda apstrakcije, indukcije, dedukcije, deskriptivne analize i komparacije, u radu se pokušava dokazatihipoteza da je institucionalni pluralizam dominantan i jedini mogući savremeni razvojni princip, koji preporučuju neoinstitucionalne ekonomske teorije (NET), a dokazuje praksa svih ekonomski razvijenih država, u kojima nema mjesta za bilo kakve monističke improvizacije (tipa neoliberalizma, dirižizma i sl.).U zaljučku se naglašava začaj institucionalnog pluralizma za društveni i ekonomski razvoj.

Postojanje međunarodnih ugovora o pravima iz socijalnog osiguranja reguliše prenos iz jedne države u drugu državu ugovornicu, prava iz oblasti zdravstvenog osiguranja i zaštite. Iako postoje već niz godina, primjena tzv. konvencija o socijalnoj sigurnosti, i iz njih izvedenih prava, još nije dovoljno zaživela u radu zdravstvenih ustanova, već predstavljaju nepoznanicu koja se ignoriše ili se njihova primjena izbjegava. Pojedine zdravstvene ustanove imaju veća iskustva u ostvarivanju koristi iz pružanja usluga po ugovorima, ali su i kod njih prisutne rezerve i neiskorišteni potencijali. Davanje usluga inostranim korisnicima zdravstvenog osiguranja može se izjednačiti sa izvozom zdravstvenih usluga, a koji se ostvaruje u domaćoj ustanovi. Koristi od davanja usluga po osnovu međunarodnih sporazuma imaju i inostrani osiguranik, kojem je usluga neophodna, i zdravstvena ustanova koja dobija novog korisnika usluga, kao i zdravstveno osiguranje, koje posredno a nekad i jeftinije može da pokrije osigurani slučaj. Cilj ovog rada je da ukaže na potrebu aktivnog pristupa davanju usluga inostarnim osiguranicima kao i da se primjena ugovora obavi na što efikasniji način, a iz toga postignu koristi za ustanovu i za korisnika usluga.