Decentralization in the field of local government is very necessary for regional development, it is highly recommended by local governments to improve the economy or form new regional planning. Different conditions between neighboring regions make cooperation as an alternative in the development process. This paper is a literature review of an inter-regional cooperation between local governments that can lead to development progress. In this paper an example is given of cases in the East Java Province in which the province has done a lot of cooperation between regions, but even so there are still many weaknesses that exist in the implementation of such cooperation so that development cannot be carried out properly.

Предмет рада јесте употреба Интернета за пословање предузећа. Актуелност ове теме проистиче из чињенице да у новој дигиталној ери могућности и предности електронског пословања и електронског трговања чине значајан потенцијал који треба искористити на најбољи и најефикаснији начин. Циљ рада јесте да укаже на предности Интернета за пословање са једне стране што штеди време, а на другом месту је и новац. Али овакво пословање путе интернета има и озбиљну сметњу заживљавању онлајн шопинга јер представља недовољну сигурност онлајн трансакција. Људи се и даље нерадо одлучују да број своје кредитне картице пошаљу преко мреже или сајта. Посебно је наш народ у Србији, претежно на Косову и Метохији специфичан по склоности информаци- оним технологијама и поверење у интернет пословање. Хипотеза рада јесте да је пандемија COVID-19 променила понашање потрошача и предузећа на тај начин што се већина њих преусмерила на интернет пословање. Помоћне хипотезе рада јесу да је Интернет тржиште једно од највећих светских тржишта у развоју и друга помоћна хипотеза јесте да уколико постоји квалитетна понуда, корисници се лако одлучују на куповину путем Интернета јер она подразумева већи избор, једноставно поређење цена између више продавача те услугу доставе на кућна врата, што значи уштеду времена. Међутим, реално је очекивати да се у блиској будућности превазиђе и овај проблем, пошто технологија и у овој области веома брзо напредује. Прво питање, које се поставља при извођењу трансакција, јесте питање поверења у оне са којима се посао обавља. У електронским трансакцијама, пословање се одвија између две или више страна, које су физички раздвојене. Оно што они који нуде производе и услуге морају да обезбеде јесте поверење купаца и корисника услуга. У раду биће примењене Опште научне методе: анализа, синтеза, индукција, дедукција, компаративна метода, статистичка, историјска метода, и друге методе иманентне друштвено хуманистичким наукама.

The thematic conception of the work consists of legal issues of special forms of control of state administrative in Bosnia and Herzegovina (at the state level, the level of federal units and districts). The paper analyzes the structure of bodies that perform this type of control, starting with the ombudsman institutions (Ombudsman for Human Rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ombudsman for Children of Republic of Srpska), and with special reference to the institutions of auditors (of which there are four in Bosnia and Herzegovina). The author will present the organization of these institutions, the election of their members (ombudsmen and auditors), the way they act, and the possibilities they have, as well as the legal mechanisms they can use to protect both citizens and the public interest.

The paper aims to review the digital evolution process in the Georgian economy and to evaluate potential gaps relative to other countries. Digital evolution is a multidimensional concept, therefore to underline the key sectors where the digital divide is substantial between the developed world and Georgia is essential for further, more specific research. The research’s major expected outcome serves to fill the local academic literature gap related to digital development’s role in the digital economy, therefore it can be a basis for upcoming research in this field in Georgia. This approach can be also used for other developing countries which are transforming to digital economies. It is answering the specific questions: Is there a digital gap between Georgia and other economies? And, which digital sectors are the most or least developed? Digital development is influenced by several factors. The research uses digital evolution indices to measure digital evolution in different sectors from demand conditions to institutional ecosystems.

A modern marketing system is based on supply, market conditions and regulated institutions. Defined as a pillar of the rule of law, the authority and strength of institutions depends on political stability, legal solutions and the rule of law, efficiency of the public administration system, corruption, civil liberties, but also commitment to philosophy and marketing concepts. Unfortunately, Bosnia and Herzegovina has not yet established an appropriate system in any of these areas and it is obvious that there is a significant gap between the situation in this area in our country and in the developed world. The rules according to which the socioeconomic structure is regulated, as well as the institutions and related institutions, do not form a system that, in accordance with modern principles of developed economies, provides efficiency and support for economic activities, and contributes more strongly to the goals of modern and democratic socio-political system. Marketing, with the philosophy of its approach, strongly determines economic and social trends, so that the developed marketing concept in the institutions of the system is one of the conditions for stability and progress of the country. The aim of this research is to point out that marketing in the security structures of Bosnia and Herzegovina is small and insufficient, that it is not at the level that provides the best in the society and shows us the outcome of such a situation for security and development processes in the community.

We understand circular economy as an economic system that aims to eliminate waste throughout an entire value chain – including manufacturing, production and use. Circular economy is also a way of rethinking our approach to waste and to every single stage of a products´ life cycle. Slovakia has been challenged recently to keep up with the changes the automotive industry is undergoing, including the green and digital transformation. The automotive industry producers have to accelerate innovations based on the required transition towards circular economy, an alternative to the unsustainable linear model of economy. The paper focuses on the principles of circular economy, demonstrated by the example of the Slovak automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the current state of use of circular economy aspects in the automotive industry in Slovakia. We found out practical approaches of circular economy incorporated by Slovak automotive producers. In context of circular economy, Slovakia perceives prospective transition to automotive electrics industry, the introduction of new progressive technologies and sophisticated production. 

In all areas of society, it is necessary to actively and continuously act on unique (constitutive) rules that apply equally to all and perform non-selective and unprivileged regulation, coordination, organization and limitation of human behavior. These are institutions that can best present their functions. Economics has clearly shown how the real (and even virtual) economic reality works in principle and determined that the role of institutions in society and economy is not only necessary and unavoidable, but also a priority, as a metabasis and meta-mechanism. This paper presents a study of the impact of constitutional (political) rules, economic rules and contracts on the construction of socio-cultural capital. The aim of the research is to prove that all development models that have ignored institutions have proved unsustainable. The constitution has the role of preventing arbitrariness, ie “rule without rules”.

Education must be obtained and guaranteed by the government with quality and equitable services in all regions in Indonesia. Geographic information systems become one of the solutions that can help the process of equitable education and help the government take appropriate actions. This study discusses how the development of a website-based geographic information system that can be used to map the distribution of educational data in the city of Bandung using the Rational Unified Process (RUP) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) methods for system modeling. The process of making maps in this study uses Quantum GIS (QGIS) software with database storage using PostgreSQL. The output target of this study is in the form of a geographic information system website mapping educational data distribution in the city of Bandung. This website is created as a graphic summary dashboard based on the spatial field of education so that the public and government can easily draw conclusions about the distribution of existing education such as knowing the balance of the number of schools, teachers and students in an area that can affect the quality of teaching and learning activities in schools and the quality of education in that area.

Heavy metals are considered to be one of the major contaminants of water in recent years due to their non-biodegradable property; hence making them toxic and bioaccumulate to living organisms. Conventional methods such us chemical precipitation, physical treatment through ion exchange are used for removing heavy metal ions from water. These methods are expensive and attributed to incomplete metals removal and high cost of treatment. In recent years, researchers have found alternative low cost and effective method for removal of toxic metals through biosorption process using biological materials. Moringa oleifera seeds is one of the biological materials which has effective adsorption capacity for removal of heavy metals from water and wastewater. In this article, the seeds of Moringa oleifera seeds as a low-cost biosorbent for removal of heavy metals is presented. Moringa oleifera seeds is inexpensive material that contains amino acids. The amino acid is a major constituent of the functional groups that aids in greater ability of heavy metals removal through metal ion exchange or complexation, which is mainly affected by pH, biosorbent dosage, and contact time. Moringa oleifera seeds residues have a greater capacity to absorb heavy metals in a single solution compared to multi ion solution.

This research aims to analyze and describe issues of bureaucracy reform of health services in Indonesia. By using the literary study, method is through the results of basic health research and the expected results in public service contained in the Grand Design of Bureaucracy Reform. The results of the research have been conducted indicating that the current bureaucracy reform in the field of health services conducted by Indonesia’s Government is not optimal. Because there are still many very difficult provinces get easy access to hospitals. From 34 provinces in Indonesia based on the results of basic health, research on 24 provinces are still very difficult to get easy access to hospitals, and the percentage is still above the national average. Where this condition widely perceived by communities who live or reside in rural areas. These Recombination given in this study are as follows: development of access services of equitable hospital, bureaucracy of Modern health, professionalism and work ethic as well as honest behavior in the management of health bureaucracy system. The application of information technology as a supporting good performance, health bureaucracy organization that has to be started from Low to Middle Community Health Centre (Puskesmas), Health Office and Health Department. Modern Health management should be encouraged towards the professionalism strengthening of good attitude-based work, and the presence of control of each system perpetrators so that misuse of authority can be avoided in order the acceleration of health vision objectives can be realized.